Camels were also the first smoke to be sold in cartons of , and the first sold coast to coast. A lot has changed since then. Cigarettes used to be a luxury smoked by dandies and the effete; now they are more likely to be smoked by the mentally ill and destitute.
Cigarettes still kill about half their long-term users, despite industry bluster about filters, low tars and lights, none of which has made smoking safer. Cigarettes still contain arsenic and cyanide and radioactive polonium, the poison used to kill that Russian spy in London a few years back.
Cigarettes cause one death for every million smoked, which means that the 4 trillion Camels consumed over the last years have probably caused about 4 million deaths.
And it would be wrong to think of the cigarette business as moribund. Shareholders of the three largest makers in the U. Youth is still key to the business because most smokers start in their teens and stay fiercely brand loyal. Camel No. Worldwide, 6 trillion cigarettes of all brands were sold in , which explains why smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death. All of which helps keep Camels among the five bestselling brands in the world.
Here in the birthplace of Camels, though, things are quieter. Therefore, menthol can be present in cigarettes even if it is not intentionally added by manufacturers.
We located only one publication with data on the menthol levels measured in cigarettes not labeled to contain menthol. Menthol is a volatile chemical which readily evaporates during manufacturing and storage. Altria Client Services reported on measured menthol content of cigarettes marketed in — Both Altria Client Services and Celebucki et al.
As a result, there appears to be a data gap on the measured menthol content in whole cigarettes as well as in tobacco and nontobacco components of contemporary cigarettes, especially for those products marketed as nonmentholated cigarettes. In particular, more data are needed to compare the levels of menthol in cigarettes labeled as containing menthol with those not labeled as containing menthol. Existing data are not consistent in reporting menthol quantities, making it difficult to compare datasets.
In cigarettes, menthol may be applied directly to the tobacco filler, the filter, or the packaging material separately. During storage, it migrates to the other parts of the cigarette irrespective of the original application.
Triacetin, a common plasticizer used in cigarette filters, and propylene glycol, a humectant in tobacco filler, increase the affinity of menthol for these respective components and affect menthol migration and retention. Menthol migration reaches equilibrium after prolonged storage greater than 4 months 13 or 9—11 months 17 , with general retention in the filler and the filter of the cigarette.
Because the cigarettes purchased for this study have a storage time and menthol migration has already taken place, measurements of the menthol levels in whole cigarette is necessary. To assess recent menthol application in contemporary US marketed cigarettes, the menthol levels of whole cigarettes were measured using the method previously developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The results provide insight into how menthol levels may differ within and across products and if menthol levels may be affected by packaging design. The analytical procedure is adopted from a previous study 18 with slight modifications. Domestic cigarette products were purchased in July and June from retail sources in metropolitan Atlanta or from wholesale locations through the Lab Depot Dawsonville, GA.
Upon receipt, samples were logged into a custom database, assigned barcodes with unique identification, and stored in their original sealed packaging at room temperature until analyzed. All products were analyzed within 30 days of receipt.
Table 1 provides product information with respect to brand, cigarette size, packaging, and mentholation status based on label information. Louis, MO. MDA was used as an internal standard for quantitation. All other chemicals were of analytical grade and were purchased through Fisher Scientific Pittsburgh, PA unless otherwise indicated. New unopened packs of cigarette product were used for each analysis run to minimize menthol loss due to volatilization. Once the cigarette pack was opened, the whole cigarette was immediately sliced longitudinally through both the filter and rod to expose the inside of the cigarette.
Instrumentation and apparatus are same as previously reported with the exception of using a gas chromatography split ratio of for this study instead of A standard stock solution was prepared by weighing menthol and diluting it with acetonitrile to a volume of 50mL.
Two additional calibration standards at low menthol concentrations were added to extend the calibration range of the previously reported method, 18 to enable menthol quantification at less than microgram per gram of cigarette with a calibration range of 0.
An initial limit of detection for menthol was estimated as 3s 0 where s 0 is the estimate of the standard deviation at zero analyte concentration. The value of s 0 was taken as the y-intercept of a linear regression of standard deviation versus concentration. Precision and accuracy were determined at five concentration levels to validate the method. A synthetic standard was used to assess precision and accuracy because mentholated tobacco standards were not available.
A blank control was prepared by assessing five 3R4F reference cigarette filler samples with only the MDA internal standard. Table 2 lists the data from validation. Samples were prepared as described above and analyzed at 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 2 hours. The extraction time of 1 hour was found to be optimal because after 1 hour, extraction was found to be complete. Relative retention time analyte vs.
MDA internal standard was also used to confirm analyte presence. The menthol levels were quantitatively determined for all commercial and reference cigarettes Table 1. Plotting these values Figure 1 shows that, with the exception of three products, the menthol content is within distinct ranges for both menthol and nonmenthol cigarette brands.
For mentholated cigarettes, the menthol content ranged from 2. The two Camel Crush products have menthol in capsules inside the cigarette filters.
This type of cigarette is different from typical menthol cigarettes because the menthol is contained in a bead, rather than added to the cigarette during manufacturing. Menthol in the two Camel Crush products does not equilibrate through these products prior to analysis as with typical menthol cigarettes. As a result, loss from vaporization during equilibration through the product is essentially avoided in these atypical cigarettes.
Similarly, Natural American Spirit Green has an atypical high amount of menthol from the other mentholated cigarettes. As a result, these are three niche products that have significant differences from the other menthol cigarettes in this study. Excluding these three products, the overall menthol content range was narrower 2. For cigarette products not labeled as mentholated, the measured menthol content ranged from 0. Blue dots are cigarettes labeled as mentholated.
Red dots are cigarette products without menthol labeling. The vertical axis is in logarithm scale. This study measured menthol content for 22 nonmenthol cigarette products. In several cigarette brands, products labeled as menthol cigarette and nonmenthol cigarette with same brand name were tested for menthol content.
Using the ratio of menthol amounts between menthol and nonmenthol products is a straightforward approach for studying menthol application in cigarettes. The ratio of the amount of menthol in mentholated to nonmentholated cigarettes within a brand family was also considered, and ranged from 50 Pyramid to ca. The nonmentholated Pyramid product had an approximately sixfold higher level of apparently added menthol than measured in other nonmentholated cigarette brands.
Although the levels of menthol in mentholated varieties of the Pyramid brand were comparable to other mentholated cigarettes, its nonmentholated product contained more menthol relative to other nonmentholated products.
One mentholated product, Natural American Spirit Light-Green, had the highest measured menthol content Very low menthol amounts were detected in several nonmentholated cigarettes and the 3R4F reference cigarette.
The menthol content for four tested products Fortuna Red: 0. The menthol content is 0. The effect of product packaging on menthol content was examined. The menthol content in Marlboro Menthol King was 4. For Newport Gold King, menthol contents were 4. While comparative data were only available for three products, there was not a consistent pattern between packaging and menthol content. A possibility is that intra-brand flip top box and soft pack varieties may be from similar manufacturing batches.
Alternatively, some manufacturers adjust the amount of menthol added to the product based on the physical properties of the packaging. Menthol retention was not examined for products whose packages were opened for an extended period of time. The menthol amounts for a variety of US marketed cigarettes have been determined. Because menthol migrates from the application point to other components of cigarettes after manufacturing, the menthol content in whole cigarettes has been measured.
Among 23 mentholated products, menthol in whole cigarettes has a range of 2. Two Camel Crush products and the Natural American Spirit Light Green have extraordinarily high levels of menthol relative to the other mentholated products tested. If these three products are excluded, the menthol range is 2. Nineteen of the 21 menthol cigarettes excluding two Camel Crush products are tested to have menthol levels higher than that needed for a strong menthol effect 2.
Learn how to quit JUUL. Before JUUL was introduced in , the most popular e-cigarette products contained nicotine strengths of between roughly 1 percent and 2. When JUUL debuted, its pods contained 5 percent of nicotine strength. The maker of JUUL claims its nicotine salt formulation increases the rate and amount of nicotine delivered into the blood, compared with other formulations.
The company has claimed the product delivers nicotine up to 2. The study provides further evidence that young people are unaware of the nicotine they are consuming. The majority of youth e-cigarette users think they vaped only flavoring, not nicotine , the last time they used a product.
The popularity of this high-potency nicotine delivery device raises concerns about the lack of education and regulation of e-cigarette products. In November , the Food and Drug Administration proposed a plan to address the youth e-cigarette epidemic , which includes limiting the sale of most flavored e-cigarettes to adult-only stores and online.
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